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Supercritical hydrolysis
Supercritical hydrolysis is a chemical process in which water in its supercritical state is used to convert biomass into cellulosic sugar. Water becomes supercritical at around 374 Deg C and 221 bar, known as its critical point where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist. Under these conditions, water serves as a solvent extracting C6 sugar (glucose) from cellulose plant matter. Lignin remains as a solid particle.
Supercritical water has a history of application in nuclear processes, such as heat transfer and integration, but has not widely been explored in biomass conversion. Private company, Renmatix, based in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, has developed a supercritical hydrolysis technology to convert a range of non-food biomass feedstocks into cellulosic sugars for application in biochemicals and biofuels. It has a demonstration facility in Georgia currently capable of processing three dry tons of hardwood biomass into cellulosic sugar daily.
Supercritical hydrolysis is considered a method of green chemistry for using water as the solvent rather than hazardous substances. Other methods of extracting sugar from biomass include enzymatic hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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